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  "Date": "2026-05-20",
  "Title": "Spatial Dependence: Weighting Schemes, Statistics",
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  "Authors@R": "c(person(\"Roger\", \"Bivand\", role = c(\"cre\", \"aut\"), \nemail = \"Roger.Bivand@nhh.no\",\ncomment=c(ORCID=\"0000-0003-2392-6140\", ROR=\"04v53s997\")),\nperson(\"Micah\", \"Altman\", role = \"ctb\"),\nperson(\"Luc\", \"Anselin\", role = \"ctb\"),\nperson(\"Renato\", \"Assunção\", role = \"ctb\"),\nperson(\"Anil\", \"Bera\", role = \"ctb\"),\nperson(\"Olaf\", \"Berke\", role = \"ctb\"),\nperson(\"F. Guillaume\", \"Blanchet\", role = \"ctb\"),\nperson(\"Marilia\", \"Carvalho\", role = \"ctb\"),\nperson(\"Bjarke\", \"Christensen\", role = \"ctb\"),\nperson(\"Yongwan\", \"Chun\", role = \"ctb\"),\nperson(\"Carsten\", \"Dormann\", role = \"ctb\"),\nperson(\"Stéphane\", \"Dray\", role = \"ctb\"),\nperson(\"Dewey\", \"Dunnington\", role = c(\"ctb\"),\ncomment = c(ORCID = \"0000-0002-9415-4582\")),\nperson(\"Virgilio\", \"Gómez-Rubio\", role = \"ctb\"),\nperson(\"Malabika\", \"Koley\", role = \"ctb\"),\nperson(\"Tomasz\", \"Kossowski\", role = \"ctb\",\ncomment = c(ORCID = \"0000-0002-9976-4398\")),\nperson(\"Elias\", \"Krainski\", role = \"ctb\"),\nperson(\"Pierre\", \"Legendre\", role = \"ctb\"),\nperson(\"Nicholas\", \"Lewin-Koh\", role = \"ctb\"),\nperson(\"Angela\", \"Li\", role = \"ctb\"),\nperson(\"Giovanni\", \"Millo\", role = \"ctb\"),\nperson(\"Werner\", \"Mueller\", role = \"ctb\"),\nperson(\"Hisaji\", \"Ono\", role = \"ctb\"),\nperson(\"Josiah\", \"Parry\", role = \"ctb\",\ncomment = c(ORCID = \"0000-0001-9910-865X\")),\nperson(\"Pedro\", \"Peres-Neto\", role = \"ctb\"),\nperson(\"Michał\", \"Pietrzak\", role = \"ctb\",\ncomment = c(ORCID = \"0000-0002-9263-4478\")),\nperson(\"Gianfranco\", \"Piras\", role = \"ctb\"),\nperson(\"Markus\", \"Reder\", role = \"ctb\"),\nperson(\"Jeff\", \"Sauer\", role = \"ctb\"),\nperson(\"Michael\", \"Tiefelsdorf\", role = \"ctb\"),\nperson(\"René\", \"Westerholt\", role=\"ctb\"),\nperson(\"Justyna\", \"Wilk\", role = \"ctb\",\ncomment = c(ORCID = \"0000-0003-1495-2910\")),\nperson(\"Levi\", \"Wolf\", role = \"ctb\"),\nperson(\"Danlin\", \"Yu\", role = \"ctb\"))",
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  "Description": "A collection of functions to create spatial weights matrix\nobjects from polygon 'contiguities', from point patterns by\ndistance and tessellations, for summarizing these objects, and\nfor permitting their use in spatial data analysis, including\nregional aggregation by minimum spanning tree; a collection of\ntests for spatial 'autocorrelation', including global 'Morans\nI' and 'Gearys C' proposed by 'Cliff' and 'Ord' (1973, ISBN:\n0850860369) and (1981, ISBN: 0850860814), 'Hubert/Mantel'\ngeneral cross product statistic, Empirical Bayes estimates and\n'Assunção/Reis' (1999)\n<doi:10.1002/(SICI)1097-0258(19990830)18:16%3C2147::AID-SIM179%3E3.0.CO;2-I>\nIndex, 'Getis/Ord' G ('Getis' and 'Ord' 1992)\n<doi:10.1111/j.1538-4632.1992.tb00261.x> and multicoloured join\ncount statistics, 'APLE' ('Li et al.' )\n<doi:10.1111/j.1538-4632.2007.00708.x>, local 'Moran's I',\n'Gearys C' ('Anselin' 1995)\n<doi:10.1111/j.1538-4632.1995.tb00338.x> and 'Getis/Ord' G\n('Ord' and 'Getis' 1995)\n<doi:10.1111/j.1538-4632.1995.tb00912.x>, 'saddlepoint'\napproximations ('Tiefelsdorf' 2002)\n<doi:10.1111/j.1538-4632.2002.tb01084.x> and exact tests for\nglobal and local 'Moran's I' ('Bivand et al.' 2009)\n<doi:10.1016/j.csda.2008.07.021> and 'LOSH' local indicators of\nspatial heteroscedasticity ('Ord' and 'Getis')\n<doi:10.1007/s00168-011-0492-y>. The implementation of most of\nthese measures is described in 'Bivand' and 'Wong' (2018)\n<doi:10.1007/s11749-018-0599-x>, with further extensions in\n'Bivand' (2022) <doi:10.1111/gean.12319>. 'Lagrange' multiplier\ntests for spatial dependence in linear models are provided\n('Anselin et al'. 1996) <doi:10.1016/0166-0462(95)02111-6>, as\nare 'Rao' score tests for hypothesised spatial 'Durbin' models\nbased on linear models ('Koley' and 'Bera' 2023)\n<doi:10.1080/17421772.2023.2256810>. Additions in 2024 include\nLocal Indicators for Categorical Data based on 'Carrer et al.'\n(2021) <doi:10.1016/j.jas.2020.105306> and 'Bivand et al.'\n(2017) <doi:10.1016/j.spasta.2017.03.003>; also Weighted\nMultivariate Spatial Autocorrelation Measures ('Bavaud' 2024)\n<doi:10.1111/gean.12390>. <doi:10.1080/17421772.2023.2256810>.\nA local indicators for categorical data (LICD) implementation\nbased on 'Carrer et al.' (2021) <doi:10.1016/j.jas.2020.105306>\nand 'Bivand et al.' (2017) <doi:10.1016/j.spasta.2017.03.003>\nwas added in 1.3-7. Multivariate 'spatialdelta' ('Bavaud' 2024)\n<doi:10.1111/gean.12390> was added in 1.3-13 ('Bivand' 2025\n<doi:10.26034/la.cdclsl.2025.8343>). 'Moran' scatterplot\nenhancements were contributed by 'René' 'Westerholt' in 1.4-3\n<doi:10.5281/zenodo.10897792>. From 'spdep' and 'spatialreg'\nversions >= 1.2-1, the model fitting functions previously\npresent in this package are defunct in 'spdep' and may be found\nin 'spatialreg'.",
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    {
      "version": "0.4-9",
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    {
      "version": "0.4-12",
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    {
      "version": "0.4-13",
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    {
      "version": "0.4-17",
      "date": "2008-02-18"
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    {
      "version": "0.4-20",
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      "version": "0.4-21",
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      "version": "0.4-24",
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      "version": "0.5-14",
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    {
      "version": "0.5-16",
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      "version": "0.5-17",
      "date": "2010-07-31"
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      "version": "0.5-19",
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      "version": "0.5-21",
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      "version": "0.5-24",
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    {
      "version": "0.5-26",
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      "version": "0.5-29",
      "date": "2011-03-14"
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    {
      "version": "0.5-31",
      "date": "2011-04-12"
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    {
      "version": "0.5-32",
      "date": "2011-05-06"
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    {
      "version": "0.5-33",
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    {
      "version": "0.5-35",
      "date": "2011-06-09"
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    {
      "version": "0.5-37",
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    {
      "version": "0.5-40",
      "date": "2011-09-16"
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    {
      "version": "0.5-41",
      "date": "2011-11-14"
    },
    {
      "version": "0.5-43",
      "date": "2011-11-27"
    },
    {
      "version": "0.5-45",
      "date": "2012-03-18"
    },
    {
      "version": "0.5-46",
      "date": "2012-05-06"
    },
    {
      "version": "0.5-50",
      "date": "2012-08-31"
    },
    {
      "version": "0.5-51",
      "date": "2012-09-25"
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    {
      "version": "0.5-52",
      "date": "2012-11-08"
    },
    {
      "version": "0.5-53",
      "date": "2012-11-09"
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    {
      "version": "0.5-55",
      "date": "2012-12-21"
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    {
      "version": "0.5-56",
      "date": "2013-01-11"
    },
    {
      "version": "0.5-57",
      "date": "2013-06-21"
    },
    {
      "version": "0.5-60",
      "date": "2013-07-02"
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    {
      "version": "0.5-61",
      "date": "2013-07-24"
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    {
      "version": "0.5-62",
      "date": "2013-08-07"
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    {
      "version": "0.5-63",
      "date": "2013-09-01"
    },
    {
      "version": "0.5-64",
      "date": "2013-09-02"
    },
    {
      "version": "0.5-65",
      "date": "2013-09-16"
    },
    {
      "version": "0.5-68",
      "date": "2013-11-04"
    },
    {
      "version": "0.5-71",
      "date": "2014-01-31"
    },
    {
      "version": "0.5-74",
      "date": "2014-06-06"
    },
    {
      "version": "0.5-77",
      "date": "2014-09-19"
    },
    {
      "version": "0.5-81",
      "date": "2015-01-06"
    },
    {
      "version": "0.5-82",
      "date": "2015-01-07"
    },
    {
      "version": "0.5-83",
      "date": "2015-01-16"
    },
    {
      "version": "0.5-86",
      "date": "2015-03-15"
    },
    {
      "version": "0.5-87",
      "date": "2015-03-16"
    },
    {
      "version": "0.5-88",
      "date": "2015-03-17"
    },
    {
      "version": "0.5-92",
      "date": "2015-12-22"
    },
    {
      "version": "0.6-4",
      "date": "2016-04-12"
    },
    {
      "version": "0.6-5",
      "date": "2016-06-02"
    },
    {
      "version": "0.6-6",
      "date": "2016-07-30"
    },
    {
      "version": "0.6-8",
      "date": "2016-09-21"
    },
    {
      "version": "0.6-9",
      "date": "2017-01-09"
    },
    {
      "version": "0.6-10",
      "date": "2017-02-21"
    },
    {
      "version": "0.6-11",
      "date": "2017-02-23"
    },
    {
      "version": "0.6-12",
      "date": "2017-04-06"
    },
    {
      "version": "0.6-13",
      "date": "2017-04-25"
    },
    {
      "version": "0.6-15",
      "date": "2017-09-01"
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    {
      "version": "0.7-4",
      "date": "2017-11-22"
    },
    {
      "version": "0.7-7",
      "date": "2018-04-03"
    },
    {
      "version": "0.7-8",
      "date": "2018-08-15"
    },
    {
      "version": "0.7-9",
      "date": "2018-09-28"
    },
    {
      "version": "0.8-1",
      "date": "2018-11-21"
    },
    {
      "version": "1.0-2",
      "date": "2019-02-13"
    },
    {
      "version": "1.1-2",
      "date": "2019-04-08"
    },
    {
      "version": "1.1-3",
      "date": "2019-09-18"
    },
    {
      "version": "1.1-5",
      "date": "2020-06-29"
    },
    {
      "version": "1.1-7",
      "date": "2021-04-03"
    },
    {
      "version": "1.1-8",
      "date": "2021-05-23"
    },
    {
      "version": "1.1-11",
      "date": "2021-09-07"
    },
    {
      "version": "1.1-12",
      "date": "2021-11-09"
    },
    {
      "version": "1.1-13",
      "date": "2021-12-14"
    },
    {
      "version": "1.2-1",
      "date": "2022-01-05"
    },
    {
      "version": "1.2-2",
      "date": "2022-01-29"
    },
    {
      "version": "1.2-3",
      "date": "2022-03-29"
    },
    {
      "version": "1.2-4",
      "date": "2022-04-18"
    },
    {
      "version": "1.2-5",
      "date": "2022-08-11"
    },
    {
      "version": "1.2-7",
      "date": "2022-10-01"
    },
    {
      "version": "1.2-8",
      "date": "2023-02-28"
    },
    {
      "version": "1.3-1",
      "date": "2023-11-23"
    },
    {
      "version": "1.3-3",
      "date": "2024-02-07"
    },
    {
      "version": "1.3-4",
      "date": "2024-05-31"
    },
    {
      "version": "1.3-5",
      "date": "2024-06-10"
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    {
      "version": "1.3-6",
      "date": "2024-09-13"
    },
    {
      "version": "1.3-7",
      "date": "2024-11-25"
    },
    {
      "version": "1.3-8",
      "date": "2024-12-02"
    },
    {
      "version": "1.3-9",
      "date": "2025-01-17"
    },
    {
      "version": "1.3-10",
      "date": "2025-01-20"
    },
    {
      "version": "1.3-11",
      "date": "2025-04-24"
    },
    {
      "version": "1.3-13",
      "date": "2025-06-10"
    },
    {
      "version": "1.4-1",
      "date": "2025-08-31"
    },
    {
      "version": "1.4-2",
      "date": "2026-02-16"
    }
  ],
  "_exports": [
    "addlinks1",
    "aggregate.nb",
    "airdist",
    "as.data.frame.localmoranex",
    "as.data.frame.localmoransad",
    "autocov_dist",
    "card",
    "cell2nb",
    "chkIDs",
    "choynowski",
    "coerce",
    "complement.nb",
    "cornish_fisher",
    "df2sn",
    "diffnb",
    "dnearneigh",
    "droplinks",
    "EBest",
    "EBImoran.mc",
    "EBlocal",
    "edit.nb",
    "factorial_coordinates",
    "gabrielneigh",
    "geary",
    "geary.mc",
    "geary.test",
    "get.ClusterOption",
    "get.coresOption",
    "get.mcOption",
    "get.NoNeighbourOption",
    "get.spChkOption",
    "get.SubgraphCeiling",
    "get.SubgraphOption",
    "get.VerboseOption",
    "get.ZeroPolicyOption",
    "globalG.test",
    "graph_distance_weights",
    "graph2nb",
    "grid2nb",
    "have_factor_preds_mf",
    "hotspot",
    "include.self",
    "intersect.nb",
    "is.symmetric.glist",
    "is.symmetric.nb",
    "iterative_proportional_fitting_weights",
    "joincount.mc",
    "joincount.multi",
    "joincount.test",
    "knearneigh",
    "knn2nb",
    "lag.listw",
    "lee",
    "lee.mc",
    "lee.test",
    "licd_multi",
    "linearised_diffusive_weights",
    "listw2lines",
    "listw2mat",
    "listw2sn",
    "listw2star",
    "listw2U",
    "listw2WB",
    "lm.LMtests",
    "lm.morantest",
    "lm.morantest.exact",
    "lm.morantest.sad",
    "lm.RStests",
    "local_joincount_bv",
    "local_joincount_uni",
    "localC",
    "localC_perm",
    "localdelta",
    "localG",
    "localG_perm",
    "localGS",
    "localmoran",
    "localmoran_bv",
    "localmoran_perm",
    "localmoran.exact",
    "localmoran.exact.alt",
    "localmoran.sad",
    "LOSH",
    "LOSH.cs",
    "LOSH.mc",
    "make.sym.nb",
    "mat2listw",
    "metropolis_hastings_weights",
    "moran",
    "moran_bv",
    "moran.mc",
    "moran.plot",
    "moran.plot.drop",
    "moran.plot.seismogram",
    "moran.test",
    "mstree",
    "n.comp.nb",
    "nb2blocknb",
    "nb2INLA",
    "nb2lines",
    "nb2listw",
    "nb2listwdist",
    "nb2mat",
    "nb2WB",
    "nbcost",
    "nbcosts",
    "nbdists",
    "nblag",
    "nblag_cumul",
    "old.make.sym.nb",
    "p.adjustSP",
    "plot_factorialcoords",
    "plot_factorialscree",
    "plot_moran",
    "plot_spatialcoords",
    "plot_spatialscree",
    "plot.Gabriel",
    "plot.listw",
    "plot.mc.sim",
    "plot.mst",
    "plot.nb",
    "plot.relative",
    "plot.skater",
    "plot.spcor",
    "poly2nb",
    "print.jclist",
    "print.jcmulti",
    "print.localmoranex",
    "print.localmoransad",
    "print.moranex",
    "print.moransad",
    "print.spcor",
    "print.summary.localmoransad",
    "print.summary.moransad",
    "probmap",
    "prunecost",
    "prunemst",
    "read_swm_dbf",
    "read.dat2listw",
    "read.gal",
    "read.geoda",
    "read.gwt2nb",
    "read.swmdbf2listw",
    "relativeneigh",
    "remove.self",
    "Rotation",
    "SD.RStests",
    "set.ClusterOption",
    "set.coresOption",
    "set.mcOption",
    "set.NoNeighbourOption",
    "set.spChkOption",
    "set.SubgraphCeiling",
    "set.SubgraphOption",
    "set.VerboseOption",
    "set.ZeroPolicyOption",
    "setdiff.nb",
    "skater",
    "sn2listw",
    "soi.graph",
    "sp.correlogram",
    "sp.mantel.mc",
    "spatialdelta",
    "spdep",
    "spNamedVec",
    "spweights.constants",
    "ssw",
    "subset.listw",
    "subset.nb",
    "summary.localmoransad",
    "summary.moransad",
    "sym.attr.nb",
    "Szero",
    "tolerance.nb",
    "tri2nb",
    "union.nb",
    "vi2mrc",
    "warn_factor_preds",
    "write_swm_dbf",
    "write.nb.gal",
    "write.sn2dat",
    "write.sn2DBF",
    "write.sn2gwt",
    "write.swmdbf"
  ],
  "_datasets": [
    {
      "name": "bbs",
      "title": "Columbus OH spatial analysis data set",
      "object": "columbus",
      "file": "columbus.rda",
      "class": [
        "matrix",
        "array"
      ],
      "fields": {},
      "rows": 49,
      "table": true,
      "tojson": true
    },
    {
      "name": "col.gal.nb",
      "title": "Columbus OH spatial analysis data set",
      "object": "columbus",
      "file": "columbus.rda",
      "class": [
        "nb"
      ],
      "fields": [],
      "table": false,
      "tojson": false
    },
    {
      "name": "COL.nb",
      "title": "Columbus OH spatial analysis data set - old numbering",
      "object": "oldcol",
      "file": "oldcol.rda",
      "class": [
        "nb"
      ],
      "fields": [],
      "table": false,
      "tojson": false
    },
    {
      "name": "COL.OLD",
      "title": "Columbus OH spatial analysis data set - old numbering",
      "object": "oldcol",
      "file": "oldcol.rda",
      "class": [
        "data.frame"
      ],
      "fields": [
        "AREA_PL",
        "PERIMETER",
        "COLUMBUS.",
        "COLUMBUS.I",
        "POLYID",
        "NEIG",
        "HOVAL",
        "INC",
        "CRIME",
        "OPEN",
        "PLUMB",
        "DISCBD",
        "X",
        "Y",
        "AREA_SS",
        "NSA",
        "NSB",
        "EW",
        "CP",
        "THOUS",
        "NEIGNO",
        "PERIM"
      ],
      "rows": 49,
      "table": true,
      "tojson": true
    },
    {
      "name": "columbus",
      "title": "Columbus OH spatial analysis data set",
      "object": "columbus",
      "file": "columbus.rda",
      "class": [
        "data.frame"
      ],
      "fields": [
        "AREA",
        "PERIMETER",
        "COLUMBUS.",
        "COLUMBUS.I",
        "POLYID",
        "NEIG",
        "HOVAL",
        "INC",
        "CRIME",
        "OPEN",
        "PLUMB",
        "DISCBD",
        "X",
        "Y",
        "AREA",
        "NSA",
        "NSB",
        "EW",
        "CP",
        "THOUS",
        "NEIGNO",
        "PERIM"
      ],
      "rows": 49,
      "table": true,
      "tojson": true
    },
    {
      "name": "coords",
      "title": "Columbus OH spatial analysis data set",
      "object": "columbus",
      "file": "columbus.rda",
      "class": [
        "matrix",
        "array"
      ],
      "fields": {},
      "rows": 49,
      "table": true,
      "tojson": true
    },
    {
      "name": "eire.coords.utm",
      "title": "Eire data sets",
      "object": "eire",
      "file": "eire.rda",
      "class": [
        "data.frame"
      ],
      "fields": [
        "V1",
        "V2"
      ],
      "rows": 26,
      "table": true,
      "tojson": true
    },
    {
      "name": "eire.df",
      "title": "Eire data sets",
      "object": "eire",
      "file": "eire.rda",
      "class": [
        "data.frame"
      ],
      "fields": [
        "A",
        "towns",
        "pale",
        "size",
        "ROADACC",
        "OWNCONS",
        "POPCHG",
        "RETSALE",
        "INCOME"
      ],
      "rows": 26,
      "table": true,
      "tojson": true
    },
    {
      "name": "eire.nb",
      "title": "Eire data sets",
      "object": "eire",
      "file": "eire.rda",
      "class": [
        "nb"
      ],
      "fields": [],
      "table": false,
      "tojson": false
    },
    {
      "name": "eire.polys.utm",
      "title": "Eire data sets",
      "object": "eire",
      "file": "eire.rda",
      "class": [
        "polylist"
      ],
      "fields": [],
      "table": false,
      "tojson": false
    },
    {
      "name": "polys",
      "title": "Columbus OH spatial analysis data set",
      "object": "columbus",
      "file": "columbus.rda",
      "class": [
        "polylist"
      ],
      "fields": [],
      "table": false,
      "tojson": false
    }
  ],
  "_help": [
    {
      "page": "aggregate.nb",
      "title": "Aggregate a spatial neighbours object",
      "topics": [
        "aggregate.nb"
      ]
    },
    {
      "page": "airdist",
      "title": "Measure distance from plot",
      "topics": [
        "airdist"
      ]
    },
    {
      "page": "autocov_dist",
      "title": "Distance-weighted autocovariate",
      "topics": [
        "autocov_dist"
      ]
    },
    {
      "page": "bhicv",
      "title": "Data set with 4 life condition indices of Belo Horizonte region",
      "topics": [
        "bhicv"
      ]
    },
    {
      "page": "card",
      "title": "Cardinalities for neighbours lists",
      "topics": [
        "card"
      ]
    },
    {
      "page": "cell2nb",
      "title": "Generate neighbours list for grid cells",
      "topics": [
        "cell2nb",
        "vi2mrc"
      ]
    },
    {
      "page": "choynowski",
      "title": "Choynowski probability map values",
      "topics": [
        "choynowski"
      ]
    },
    {
      "page": "columbus",
      "title": "Columbus OH spatial analysis data set",
      "topics": [
        "bbs",
        "col.gal.nb",
        "columbus",
        "coords",
        "polys"
      ]
    },
    {
      "page": "diffnb",
      "title": "Differences between neighbours lists",
      "topics": [
        "diffnb"
      ]
    },
    {
      "page": "dnearneigh",
      "title": "Neighbourhood contiguity by distance",
      "topics": [
        "dnearneigh"
      ]
    },
    {
      "page": "droplinks",
      "title": "Drop and add links in a neighbours list",
      "topics": [
        "addlinks1",
        "droplinks"
      ]
    },
    {
      "page": "EBest",
      "title": "Global Empirical Bayes estimator",
      "topics": [
        "EBest"
      ]
    },
    {
      "page": "EBImoran.mc",
      "title": "Permutation test for empirical Bayes index",
      "topics": [
        "EBImoran",
        "EBImoran.mc"
      ]
    },
    {
      "page": "EBlocal",
      "title": "Local Empirical Bayes estimator",
      "topics": [
        "EBlocal"
      ]
    },
    {
      "page": "edit.nb",
      "title": "Interactive editing of neighbours lists",
      "topics": [
        "edit.nb"
      ]
    },
    {
      "page": "eire",
      "title": "Eire data sets",
      "topics": [
        "eire",
        "eire.coords.utm",
        "eire.df",
        "eire.nb",
        "eire.polys.utm"
      ]
    },
    {
      "page": "geary",
      "title": "Compute Geary's C",
      "topics": [
        "geary"
      ]
    },
    {
      "page": "geary.mc",
      "title": "Permutation test for Geary's C statistic",
      "topics": [
        "geary.mc"
      ]
    },
    {
      "page": "geary.test",
      "title": "Geary's C test for spatial autocorrelation",
      "topics": [
        "geary.test"
      ]
    },
    {
      "page": "globalG.test",
      "title": "Global G test for spatial autocorrelation",
      "topics": [
        "globalG.test"
      ]
    },
    {
      "page": "compon",
      "title": "Depth First Search on Neighbor Lists",
      "topics": [
        "n.comp.nb"
      ]
    },
    {
      "page": "graphneigh",
      "title": "Graph based spatial weights",
      "topics": [
        "gabrielneigh",
        "graph2nb",
        "plot.Gabriel",
        "plot.relative",
        "relativeneigh",
        "soi.graph"
      ]
    },
    {
      "page": "grid2nb",
      "title": "Construct neighbours for a GridTopology",
      "topics": [
        "grid2nb"
      ]
    },
    {
      "page": "hotspotmap",
      "title": "Cluster Classifications for Local Indicators of Spatial Association and Local Indicators for Categorical Data",
      "topics": [
        "hotspot",
        "hotspot.data.frame.localmoranex",
        "hotspot.default",
        "hotspot.licd",
        "hotspot.localC",
        "hotspot.localG",
        "hotspot.localmoran",
        "hotspot.local_jc_uni",
        "hotspot.summary.localmoransad"
      ]
    },
    {
      "page": "include.self",
      "title": "Include self in neighbours list",
      "topics": [
        "include.self",
        "remove.self"
      ]
    },
    {
      "page": "testnb",
      "title": "Test a neighbours list for symmetry",
      "topics": [
        "is.symmetric.glist",
        "is.symmetric.nb",
        "make.sym.nb",
        "old.make.sym.nb",
        "sym.attr.nb"
      ]
    },
    {
      "page": "joincount.mc",
      "title": "Permutation test for same colour join count statistics",
      "topics": [
        "joincount.mc"
      ]
    },
    {
      "page": "joincount.multi",
      "title": "BB, BW and Jtot join count statistic for k-coloured factors",
      "topics": [
        "joincount.multi",
        "print.jcmulti"
      ]
    },
    {
      "page": "joincount.test",
      "title": "BB join count statistic for k-coloured factors",
      "topics": [
        "joincount.test",
        "print.jclist"
      ]
    },
    {
      "page": "knearneigh",
      "title": "K nearest neighbours for spatial weights",
      "topics": [
        "knearneigh"
      ]
    },
    {
      "page": "knn2nb",
      "title": "Neighbours list from knn object",
      "topics": [
        "knn2nb"
      ]
    },
    {
      "page": "lag.listw",
      "title": "Spatial lag of a numeric vector",
      "topics": [
        "lag.listw"
      ]
    },
    {
      "page": "lee",
      "title": "Compute Lee's statistic",
      "topics": [
        "lee"
      ]
    },
    {
      "page": "lee.mc",
      "title": "Permutation test for Lee's L statistic",
      "topics": [
        "lee.mc"
      ]
    },
    {
      "page": "lee.test",
      "title": "Lee's L test for spatial autocorrelation",
      "topics": [
        "lee.test"
      ]
    },
    {
      "page": "licd_multi",
      "title": "Local Indicators for Categorical Data",
      "topics": [
        "licd_multi"
      ]
    },
    {
      "page": "listw2sn",
      "title": "Spatial neighbour sparse representation",
      "topics": [
        "listw2sn",
        "sn2listw"
      ]
    },
    {
      "page": "lm.RStests",
      "title": "Rao's score (a.k.a Lagrange Multiplier) diagnostics for spatial dependence in linear models",
      "topics": [
        "lm.LMtests",
        "lm.RStests",
        "print.RStestlist",
        "print.RStestlist.summary",
        "summary.RStestlist"
      ]
    },
    {
      "page": "lm.morantest",
      "title": "Moran's I test for residual spatial autocorrelation",
      "topics": [
        "lm.morantest"
      ]
    },
    {
      "page": "lm.morantest.exact",
      "title": "Exact global Moran's I test",
      "topics": [
        "lm.morantest.exact",
        "print.moranex"
      ]
    },
    {
      "page": "lm.morantest.sad",
      "title": "Saddlepoint approximation of global Moran's I test",
      "topics": [
        "lm.morantest.sad",
        "print.moransad",
        "print.summary.moransad",
        "summary.moransad"
      ]
    },
    {
      "page": "local_joincount_bv",
      "title": "Calculate the local bivariate join count",
      "topics": [
        "local_joincount_bv"
      ]
    },
    {
      "page": "local_joincount_uni",
      "title": "Calculate the local univariate join count",
      "topics": [
        "local_joincount_uni"
      ]
    },
    {
      "page": "localC",
      "title": "Compute Local Geary statistic",
      "topics": [
        "localC",
        "localC.data.frame",
        "localC.default",
        "localC.formula",
        "localC.list",
        "localC.matrix",
        "localC_perm",
        "localC_perm.default",
        "localC_perm.formula"
      ]
    },
    {
      "page": "localG",
      "title": "G and Gstar local spatial statistics",
      "topics": [
        "localG",
        "localG_perm"
      ]
    },
    {
      "page": "localGS",
      "title": "A local hotspot statistic for analysing multiscale datasets",
      "topics": [
        "localGS"
      ]
    },
    {
      "page": "localmoran",
      "title": "Local Moran's I statistic",
      "topics": [
        "localmoran",
        "localmoran_perm"
      ]
    },
    {
      "page": "localmoran_bv",
      "title": "Compute the Local Bivariate Moran's I Statistic",
      "topics": [
        "localmoran_bv"
      ]
    },
    {
      "page": "localmoran.exact",
      "title": "Exact local Moran's Ii tests",
      "topics": [
        "as.data.frame.localmoranex",
        "localmoran.exact",
        "localmoran.exact.alt",
        "print.localmoranex"
      ]
    },
    {
      "page": "localmoran.sad",
      "title": "Saddlepoint approximation of local Moran's Ii tests",
      "topics": [
        "as.data.frame.localmoransad",
        "listw2star",
        "localmoran.sad",
        "print.localmoransad",
        "print.summary.localmoransad",
        "summary.localmoransad"
      ]
    },
    {
      "page": "LOSH",
      "title": "Local spatial heteroscedasticity",
      "topics": [
        "LOSH"
      ]
    },
    {
      "page": "LOSH.cs",
      "title": "Chi-square based test for local spatial heteroscedasticity",
      "topics": [
        "LOSH.cs"
      ]
    },
    {
      "page": "LOSH.mc",
      "title": "Bootstrapping-based test for local spatial heteroscedasticity",
      "topics": [
        "LOSH.mc"
      ]
    },
    {
      "page": "mat2listw",
      "title": "Convert a square spatial weights matrix to a weights list object",
      "topics": [
        "mat2listw"
      ]
    },
    {
      "page": "moran",
      "title": "Compute Moran's I",
      "topics": [
        "moran"
      ]
    },
    {
      "page": "moran_bv",
      "title": "Compute the Global Bivariate Moran's I",
      "topics": [
        "moran_bv"
      ]
    },
    {
      "page": "moran.mc",
      "title": "Permutation test for Moran's I statistic",
      "topics": [
        "moran.mc"
      ]
    },
    {
      "page": "moran.plot",
      "title": "Moran scatterplot",
      "topics": [
        "moran.plot"
      ]
    },
    {
      "page": "moran.plot.drop",
      "title": "Moran drop plot",
      "topics": [
        "moran.plot.drop"
      ]
    },
    {
      "page": "moran.plot.seismogram",
      "title": "Moran seismogram",
      "topics": [
        "moran.plot.seismogram"
      ]
    },
    {
      "page": "moran.test",
      "title": "Moran's I test for spatial autocorrelation",
      "topics": [
        "moran.test"
      ]
    },
    {
      "page": "mstree",
      "title": "Find the minimal spanning tree",
      "topics": [
        "mstree"
      ]
    },
    {
      "page": "nboperations",
      "title": "Set operations on neighborhood objects",
      "topics": [
        "complement.nb",
        "intersect.nb",
        "setdiff.nb",
        "union.nb"
      ]
    },
    {
      "page": "nb2blocknb",
      "title": "Block up neighbour list for location-less observations",
      "topics": [
        "nb2blocknb"
      ]
    },
    {
      "page": "nb2INLA",
      "title": "Output spatial neighbours for INLA",
      "topics": [
        "nb2INLA"
      ]
    },
    {
      "page": "nb2lines",
      "title": "Use vector files for import and export of weights",
      "topics": [
        "df2sn",
        "listw2lines",
        "nb2lines"
      ]
    },
    {
      "page": "nb2listw",
      "title": "Spatial weights for neighbours lists",
      "topics": [
        "listw2U",
        "nb2listw"
      ]
    },
    {
      "page": "nb2listwdist",
      "title": "Distance-based spatial weights for neighbours lists",
      "topics": [
        "nb2listwdist"
      ]
    },
    {
      "page": "nb2mat",
      "title": "Spatial weights matrices for neighbours lists",
      "topics": [
        "listw2mat",
        "nb2mat"
      ]
    },
    {
      "page": "nb2WB",
      "title": "Output spatial weights for WinBUGS",
      "topics": [
        "listw2WB",
        "nb2WB"
      ]
    },
    {
      "page": "nbcosts",
      "title": "Compute cost of edges",
      "topics": [
        "nbcost",
        "nbcosts"
      ]
    },
    {
      "page": "nbdists",
      "title": "Spatial link distance measures",
      "topics": [
        "nbdists"
      ]
    },
    {
      "page": "nblag",
      "title": "Higher order neighbours lists",
      "topics": [
        "nblag",
        "nblag_cumul"
      ]
    },
    {
      "page": "COL.OLD",
      "title": "Columbus OH spatial analysis data set - old numbering",
      "topics": [
        "COL.nb",
        "COL.OLD",
        "oldcol"
      ]
    },
    {
      "page": "p.adjustSP",
      "title": "Adjust local association measures' p-values",
      "topics": [
        "p.adjustSP"
      ]
    },
    {
      "page": "plot.mst",
      "title": "Plot the Minimum Spanning Tree",
      "topics": [
        "plot.mst"
      ]
    },
    {
      "page": "plot.nb",
      "title": "Plot a neighbours list",
      "topics": [
        "plot.listw",
        "plot.nb"
      ]
    },
    {
      "page": "plot.skater",
      "title": "Plot the object of skater class",
      "topics": [
        "plot.skater"
      ]
    },
    {
      "page": "poly2nb",
      "title": "Construct neighbours list from polygon list",
      "topics": [
        "poly2nb"
      ]
    },
    {
      "page": "probmap",
      "title": "Probability mapping for rates",
      "topics": [
        "probmap"
      ]
    },
    {
      "page": "prunecost",
      "title": "Compute cost of prune each edge",
      "topics": [
        "prunecost"
      ]
    },
    {
      "page": "prunemst",
      "title": "Prune a Minimun Spanning Tree",
      "topics": [
        "prunemst"
      ]
    },
    {
      "page": "read.gal",
      "title": "Read a GAL lattice file into a neighbours list",
      "topics": [
        "read.gal",
        "read.geoda"
      ]
    },
    {
      "page": "read.gwt2nb",
      "title": "Read and write spatial neighbour files",
      "topics": [
        "read.dat2listw",
        "read.gwt2nb",
        "read.swmdbf2listw",
        "read_swm_dbf",
        "write.sn2dat",
        "write.sn2DBF",
        "write.sn2gwt",
        "write.swmdbf",
        "write_swm_dbf"
      ]
    },
    {
      "page": "rotation",
      "title": "Rotate a set of point by a certain angle",
      "topics": [
        "Rotation"
      ]
    },
    {
      "page": "SD.RStests",
      "title": "Rao's score and adjusted Rao's score tests of linear hypotheses for spatial Durbin and spatial Durbin error models",
      "topics": [
        "have_factor_preds_mf",
        "SD.RStests",
        "warn_factor_preds"
      ]
    },
    {
      "page": "set.mcOption",
      "title": "Options for parallel support",
      "topics": [
        "get.ClusterOption",
        "get.coresOption",
        "get.mcOption",
        "set.ClusterOption",
        "set.coresOption",
        "set.mcOption"
      ]
    },
    {
      "page": "set.spChkOption",
      "title": "Control checking of spatial object IDs",
      "topics": [
        "chkIDs",
        "get.listw_is_CsparseMatrix_Option",
        "get.NoNeighbourOption",
        "get.spChkOption",
        "get.SubgraphCeiling",
        "get.SubgraphOption",
        "get.VerboseOption",
        "get.ZeroPolicyOption",
        "set.listw_is_CsparseMatrix_Option",
        "set.NoNeighbourOption",
        "set.spChkOption",
        "set.SubgraphCeiling",
        "set.SubgraphOption",
        "set.VerboseOption",
        "set.ZeroPolicyOption",
        "spNamedVec"
      ]
    },
    {
      "page": "skater",
      "title": "Spatial 'K'luster Analysis by Tree Edge Removal",
      "topics": [
        "skater"
      ]
    },
    {
      "page": "sp.correlogram",
      "title": "Spatial correlogram",
      "topics": [
        "plot.spcor",
        "print.spcor",
        "sp.correlogram"
      ]
    },
    {
      "page": "sp.mantel.mc",
      "title": "Mantel-Hubert spatial general cross product statistic",
      "topics": [
        "plot.mc.sim",
        "sp.mantel.mc"
      ]
    },
    {
      "page": "spatialdelta",
      "title": "Weighted Multivariate Spatial Autocorrelation Measures",
      "topics": [
        "as.matrix.adjusted_spatial_weights",
        "cornish_fisher",
        "cornish_fisher.default",
        "cornish_fisher.spatialdelta",
        "factorial_coordinates",
        "factorial_coordinates.default",
        "factorial_coordinates.spatialdelta",
        "graph_distance_weights",
        "iterative_proportional_fitting_weights",
        "linearised_diffusive_weights",
        "localdelta",
        "localdelta.default",
        "localdelta.spatialdelta",
        "metropolis_hastings_weights",
        "plot_factorialcoords",
        "plot_factorialcoords.default",
        "plot_factorialcoords.spatialdelta",
        "plot_factorialscree",
        "plot_factorialscree.default",
        "plot_factorialscree.spatialdelta",
        "plot_moran",
        "plot_moran.default",
        "plot_moran.spatialdelta",
        "plot_spatialcoords",
        "plot_spatialcoords.default",
        "plot_spatialcoords.spatialdelta",
        "plot_spatialscree",
        "plot_spatialscree.default",
        "plot_spatialscree.spatialdelta",
        "print.summary.spatialdelta",
        "spatialdelta",
        "summary.spatialdelta"
      ]
    },
    {
      "page": "spdep",
      "title": "Return package version number",
      "topics": [
        "spdep"
      ]
    },
    {
      "page": "spdep-defunct",
      "title": "Defunct Functions in Package 'spdep'",
      "topics": [
        "anova.sarlm",
        "aple",
        "aple.mc",
        "aple.plot",
        "as.data.frame.sarlm.pred",
        "as.spam.listw",
        "as_dgRMatrix_listw",
        "as_dsCMatrix_I",
        "as_dsCMatrix_IrW",
        "as_dsTMatrix_listw",
        "bptest.sarlm",
        "can.be.simmed",
        "cheb_setup",
        "coef.gmsar",
        "coef.lagmess",
        "coef.sarlm",
        "coef.spautolm",
        "coef.stsls",
        "coerce,listw,CsparseMatrix-method",
        "coerce,listw,RsparseMatrix-method",
        "coerce,listw,symmetricMatrix-method",
        "create_WX",
        "deviance.gmsar",
        "deviance.lagmess",
        "deviance.sarlm",
        "deviance.spautolm",
        "deviance.stsls",
        "do_ldet",
        "eigenw",
        "eigen_pre_setup",
        "eigen_setup",
        "errorsarlm",
        "fitted.gmsar",
        "fitted.lagmess",
        "fitted.ME_res",
        "fitted.sarlm",
        "fitted.SFResult",
        "fitted.spautolm",
        "GMargminImage",
        "GMerrorsar",
        "griffith_sone",
        "gstsls",
        "Hausman.test",
        "Hausman.test.gmsar",
        "Hausman.test.sarlm",
        "HPDinterval.lagImpact",
        "impacts",
        "impacts.gmsar",
        "impacts.lagmess",
        "impacts.MCMC_sac_g",
        "impacts.MCMC_sar_g",
        "impacts.MCMC_sem_g",
        "impacts.sarlm",
        "impacts.SLX",
        "impacts.stsls",
        "intImpacts",
        "jacobianSetup",
        "Jacobian_W",
        "lagmess",
        "lagsarlm",
        "lextrB",
        "lextrS",
        "lextrW",
        "lmSLX",
        "localAple",
        "logLik.lagmess",
        "logLik.sarlm",
        "logLik.spautolm",
        "LR.sarlm",
        "LR1.sarlm",
        "LR1.spautolm",
        "LU_prepermutate_setup",
        "LU_setup",
        "l_max",
        "Matrix_J_setup",
        "Matrix_setup",
        "mcdet_setup",
        "MCMCsamp",
        "MCMCsamp.sarlm",
        "MCMCsamp.spautolm",
        "ME",
        "moments_setup",
        "mom_calc",
        "mom_calc_int2",
        "plot.lagImpact",
        "powerWeights",
        "predict.sarlm",
        "predict.SLX",
        "print.gmsar",
        "print.lagImpact",
        "print.lagmess",
        "print.ME_res",
        "print.sarlm",
        "print.sarlm.pred",
        "print.SFResult",
        "print.spautolm",
        "print.stsls",
        "print.summary.gmsar",
        "print.summary.lagImpact",
        "print.summary.lagmess",
        "print.summary.sarlm",
        "print.summary.spautolm",
        "print.summary.stsls",
        "residuals.gmsar",
        "residuals.lagmess",
        "residuals.sarlm",
        "residuals.spautolm",
        "residuals.stsls",
        "sacsarlm",
        "SE_classic_setup",
        "SE_interp_setup",
        "SE_whichMin_setup",
        "similar.listw",
        "spam_setup",
        "spam_update_setup",
        "SpatialFiltering",
        "spautolm",
        "spBreg_err",
        "spBreg_lag",
        "spBreg_sac",
        "spdep-defunct",
        "stsls",
        "subgraph_eigenw",
        "summary.gmsar",
        "summary.lagImpact",
        "summary.lagmess",
        "summary.sarlm",
        "summary.spautolm",
        "summary.stsls",
        "trW",
        "vcov.sarlm",
        "Wald1.sarlm"
      ]
    },
    {
      "page": "spweights.constants",
      "title": "Provides constants for spatial weights matrices",
      "topics": [
        "spweights.constants",
        "Szero"
      ]
    },
    {
      "page": "ssw",
      "title": "Compute the sum of dissimilarity",
      "topics": [
        "ssw"
      ]
    },
    {
      "page": "subset.listw",
      "title": "Subset a spatial weights list",
      "topics": [
        "subset.listw"
      ]
    },
    {
      "page": "subset.nb",
      "title": "Subset a neighbours list",
      "topics": [
        "subset.nb"
      ]
    },
    {
      "page": "summary.nb",
      "title": "Print and summary function for neighbours and weights lists",
      "topics": [
        "print.listw",
        "print.nb",
        "print.summary.listw",
        "print.summary.nb",
        "summary.listw",
        "summary.nb"
      ]
    },
    {
      "page": "tolerance.nb",
      "title": "Function to construct edges based on a tolerance angle and a maximum distance",
      "topics": [
        "tolerance.nb"
      ]
    },
    {
      "page": "tri2nb",
      "title": "Neighbours list from tri object",
      "topics": [
        "tri2nb"
      ]
    },
    {
      "page": "write.nb.gal",
      "title": "Write a neighbours list as a GAL lattice file",
      "topics": [
        "write.nb.gal"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "_readme": "https://github.com/r-spatial/spdep/raw/HEAD/README.md",
  "_rundeps": [
    "boot",
    "class",
    "classInt",
    "DBI",
    "deldir",
    "e1071",
    "KernSmooth",
    "lattice",
    "MASS",
    "proxy",
    "Rcpp",
    "s2",
    "sf",
    "sp",
    "spData",
    "units",
    "wk"
  ],
  "_vignettes": [
    {
      "source": "CO69.Rmd",
      "filename": "CO69.html",
      "title": "“The Problem of Spatial Autocorrelation:” forty years on",
      "author": "Roger Bivand",
      "engine": "knitr::rmarkdown",
      "headings": [
        "Introduction",
        "Spatial weights",
        "Measures of spatial autocorrelation",
        "Simulating measures of spatial autocorrelation",
        "Odds and ends $\\ldots$",
        "References"
      ],
      "created": "2019-01-09 10:44:52",
      "modified": "2025-01-20 11:52:53",
      "commits": 12
    },
    {
      "source": "nb.Rmd",
      "filename": "nb.html",
      "title": "Creating Neighbours",
      "author": "Roger Bivand",
      "engine": "knitr::rmarkdown",
      "headings": [
        "Creating Neighbours",
        "Introduction",
        "Creating Contiguity Neighbours",
        "Creating Graph-Based Neighbours",
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